Nicotine E Liquid Users Must Know. In the last chapter, we have mentioned some nicotine effects and in the following , I am going to continue this topic.

6. Does Nicotine Cause Brain Damage?

There are a few studies looking at nicotine and brain damage, but these tend to involve mice and rats rather than humans. For example, one study suggests that nicotine can actually stimulate recovery from brain damage, and others suggest that cotinine, the metabolite of nicotine (what your body turns it into), has a protective effect for the brain against diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. However, there are other studies which suggest it kills brain cells and stops new ones from forming in the hippocampus, which is involved in memory. This is in contrast with the evidence on the effects of nicotine on memory (see point 7), though, so it’s hard to draw conclusions based on it.

One of the most common claims about nicotine’s effect on the brain is the oft-repeated line (especially in the US) that it may have lasting consequences for adolescent brain development. The research backing up this claim is summarised in the Surgeon General’s report on smoking (pages 150 to 152), and largely consists of studies on rats. There is some evidence on human teens, but this relates to smoking rather than nicotine alone.

7. Nicotine and Memory

Nicotine E Liquid Users Must Know. Nicotine may also help your memory. This is a controversial area, but there are several suggestive results that support the benefits of nicotine for memory. For Alzheimer’s sufferers, the situation is a little uncertain, but there is some promise for nicotine. Researchers have found that there is a negative association between Alzheimer’s disease and smoking, meaning that smokers are less likely to suffer from Alzheimer’s than non-smokers. The reason appears to be that the receptors which nicotine acts on in the brain are crucial for maintaining performance on a wide range of tasks.

In Alzheimer’s sufferers, there are fewer of these receptors, and some studies show that providing them with nicotine can minimise the effect the disease has on their mental functioning. There is some disagreement on the benefits of nicotine for Alzheimer’s, though, with some arguing that nicotine could actually make things worse. However, this last study was conducted on rats, so it can’t be directly applied to humans. For memory overall, the evidence suggests some benefit from nicotine. A review of the relevant studies suggests that nicotine can help improve the accuracy of short-term memory and improve the speed of recall for working memory. Working memory is basically the mental “workspace” you have to remember important facts as you’re performing a task.

8. Nicotine, Attention and Concentration

Although nicotine has moderate effects on memory, it does appear to be effective for improving concentration and the ability to pay attention.The issue was covered by the meta-analysis (where the results of several experiments are combined and analysed together) from the previous section, which found numerous positive effects of nicotine on attention. The benefits for attention primarily come in the form of more accurate and faster “alerting attention.” As the name suggests, this is to do with transitioning to an alert state and remaining in it.

9. Does Nicotine Make You Feel Less Hungry?

Nicotine can make you feel less hungry. In fact, as Paul Bergen has argued on this blog, this may have been one of the reasons why tobacco originally became so popular at a time when people were often hungry. There are many possible explanations for this, but the most widely-supported are that nicotine increases your metabolism and reduces your appetite. For example, one study found that increasing doses of nicotine decreased hunger and food consumption and increased feelings of fullness. This study also found that caffeine increased this effect – so vaping and drinking tea is probably a good approach to eating less! Another study has looked at the specific nicotine receptors (in mice) related to the decrease in appetite smokers report, which could even lead to new appetite-suppressing medicines in future.

However, the relationship between nicotine and weight isn’t as simple as it might seem. Although smokers weigh less than non-smokers overall, heavy smokers (no pun intended) are a different matter. Those who smoke are more likely to be overweight or obese, and some results show that heavy smokers have higher BMIs than both non-smokers and lighter smokers. The reason for this is that smoking – especially heavy smoking – is usually accompanied by a lot of other behaviours that lead to weight gain. For example, smokers tend to exercise less, eat less fruit and vegetables, and drink more alcohol, and this could be especially true for heavy smokers.

10. Electronic Cigarettes and Nicotine Delivery

Early studies found that electronic cigarettes did not deliver as much nicotine as cigarettes do. A follow-up study from the same author found that longer periods (up to an hour) of vaping with experienced users provided a similar amount of nicotine to a cigarette, but still a bit less. A later study from the same team again showed that experienced vapers manage to obtain more nicotine from vaping than inexperienced smokers. This appeared to be related to the length of the puffs taken: smokers tend to puff quickly and sharply, while vapers take longer, more gradual and gentle puffs.

Nicotine E Liquid Users Must Know. Although we don’t have evidence on this yet, it would be assumed that higher-wattage vaping with sub ohm tanks would be even more effective for getting you nicotine. However, it’s still likely that even modern electronic cigarettes will deliver rather less nicotine than regular cigarettes, so we always advise smokers to use higher nicotine strengths when they first get started with vaping.

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